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RESEARCH PAPERS, Papers Concerning emu illness and ailments, Natural History and LINKS for emu and ratite articles
​

We will be continuing to add articles of interest and useful information to the website.
​If you have any research papers, veterinary information for emu, or anything else you feel relevant,
please do send it through to us to add here.
​​
​Some of the websites listed here may require registration to join. 

Please keep in mind that the articles shared here may not be relevant to your particular emu, so please do seek veterinary help if you are unsure. This page is not intended to replace the knowledge and experience provided by a qualified veterinarian.
However, please do pass this information on to your vet if you feel it could be useful. 
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male emu standing with mouth open www.emu.services
Male emu
For quick  navigation click on the topic links below

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Limbs
Digestion and Weight (also see Diet section)
Metabolism

Eyes and Vision
Brain and Neurological
Respiratory
Liver and Blood
Reproductive Organs

​Virus and Disease
​Bacterial and Fungal



Parasites
Emu Veterinary, Antibiotics and Medicine​

​Articles on General Health of Emu

Diet
Stress
Behavior 
​Breeding Emu
​Natural History
​Other Articles of Interest
Limbs
Limb diseases in emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) and ostrich (Struthio camelus) - prevention and treatment  [2005]
Patent for a Ratite Leg Brace
Co-option of the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2.5 during development of the emu wing 
The role of calcium in development of leg deformities in emu birds (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Attenuated Fgf Signaling Underlies the Forelimb Heterchrony in Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae
'Variances' and 'in-Variances' in Hierarchical Porosity and Composition, across Femoral Tissues from Cow, Horse, Ostrich, Emu, Pig, Rabbit and Frog
Structure, ontogeny and evolution of the patellar tendon in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) and other palaegnath birds
Ontogenetic scaling patterns and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb musculature in emus (Dromaius novaehollaniae)
Some observations on the development of the long bones of ratite birds
Tarsometatarsal Sequestration in an emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) and and ostrich (Struthio Camelus)
Hip joint contact force in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) during normal level walking
Incidence of Tibiotarsal rotation and its effect on production performance in emu birds
Elastic Modulus and Strength of emu Cortical bone
Morphologic Evaluation of Rotated Tibiotarsal Bones in Immature Ostriches (relevant to emu)
Osteology and myology of the wing of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), and it's bearing on the evolution of vestigial structures
Musculoskeletal Modelling of an ostrich (Struthio camelus) Pelvic Limb: Influence of limb orientation on muscular capacity during locomotion.
Toe Function and Dynamic Pressure Distribution in Ostrich Locomotion

Spread Bow Leg Syndrome in Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Chicks Aged 2 to 12 Weeks
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Digestion and Weight (see also Diet section below)
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Infection in an Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Osmotic and ionic regulation during dehydration in a large bird, the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): and important role for the cloaca - rectum
Fiber Digestion in the emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae, a large bird with a simple gut and high rates of passage
Osmotic adaption of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)​

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Metabolism
Thermoregulation in a large bird, the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
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Eyes and Vision
Visual pigments in a palaegnath bird, the emu Dromaius novaehollandiae: implications for spectral sensitivity and the origin of ultraviolet vision
Myopathy of the Pipping Muscles, Hepatotsis Dietica, and cataracts in Emu Chicks (Dromaius novaehallandiae)

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Brain and Neuro
Historical Structure and Cytology of the Pineal Organ in Birds and Mammals

Unusual Gangliosidosis in Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)​
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (Sanfilippo Syndrome B) in a commercial emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) flock
Overview of Avian Neurology and Neurological Diseases
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Respiratory
Clinical investigation on mycotic pneumonia in Emu chicks
Common Respiratory Diseases in Poultry
Avian Influenza Biosecurity for poultry and captive birds
A qualitative and quantitative study of the lung of an ostrich, Struthio Camelus
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Liver and Blood
Unusual Gangliosidosis in Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)​
Lysosomal Storage Disease in an Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) 
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Reproductive Organs
Ovarian Teratocarcinoma in an Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characterization

Virus and Disease
Infectious Diseases of Ratites
Newcastle Disease: How to spot and report the disease
Assessment of the pathogenicity of an emu-origin influenza A H5 virus in ostriches (Struthio camelus)
University Of Florida: Common Poultry Diseases
Beak and Feather Disease
West Nile Virus and Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Common Respiratory Diseases in Poultry
​Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 infection in a captive Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): presumed natural transmission from free-ranging wild waterfowl

​Avian Influenza Biosecurity for poultry and captive birds
​Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (Sanfilippo syndrome B) in a commercial emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) flock
Isolation and characterisation of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Newcastle disease) viruses from a flock of ostriches (Struthio camelus) and emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Europe with inconsistent serology
Experimental infection of emus ( Dromaiius novaehollandiae ) with avian influenza viruses of varying virulence: Clinical signs, virus shedding and serology
​Co- Expression of sialic acid receptors compatible with avian and human Influenza virus binding in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Diseases of Poultry
Eastern Quine Encephalitis Fact Sheet from Cornell University
A Dictionary of Virology Third Edition
Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease: An Overview
Evaluation of antibody responses of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) to avain influenza virus infection
Presence of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5N2 and H7N1 in emus and rheas: virus isolation and serologic findings
​Isolation of Avian Influenza Virus (H10N7) from an Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) with Conjunctivitis and Respiratory Disease
Isolation of avian influenza virus (H9N2) from emu in China

​Bacterial and Fungal
Avian Chlamydiosis, Psittacosis, Ornithosis PDF download
​Aspergilla flavus and Salmonella (Paratyphoid)
Oral Thrush and Canker (for chickens, there is no information found available for emu)
​Bacterial Pathogens in Wild Birds: a review of the frequency and effects of infection
Parasites
Gastrointestinal parasites of a population of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Brazil
​The parasite fauna of ostriches, emu and rheas
Parasites from farmed ostriches (Struthio camelus) and rheas (Rhea americana) in Europe
Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds
Pathology Parasitology for veterinary technicians (veterinary technology) 
Veterinary Clinical Parasitology


Emu Veterinary, Antibiotics and Medicine​​
Management of Ratites
General Avian Veterinary Advice for Vets
Antimicrobial Agents Used in Birds
Ratites or Struthioniformes, Struthiones, Rheae, Cassuarii, Apteryges (Ostriches, Rheas, Emus, Cassowaries, and Kiwis), and Tinamiformes (Tinamous)
Treatment and control by vaccination of erysipelas in farmed emus (Dromaius novo‐hollandiae)
An Outbreak of Infectious Coryza in an Emu farm at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
Avian Medicine, Captive Ratites
Current Ratite Therapy
​Emu -  Various articles from Fowler's Zoo and Animal Medicine, Volume 8, 2015
Amino acid sequence of myoglobin from emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) skeletal muscle​
Avian Medicine
Pathology of Birds 
Avian Medicine and surgery in Practice. (Companion and aviary birds)​
Avian Medicine: Principles & Application 

​Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery 
Infectious Diseases of Wild Birds
Avian medicine (Chapter 48 - Ratites)
Clinical Avian medicine
Chemical immobilisation and satellite tagging of free-living southern cassowaries
Veterinary Virology 3rd Edition
Emergency animal diseases - A field guide for Australian Veterinarians.

​Articles on General Health of Emu
​Medical Care of Emus
General Health Info
Infectious Diseases of Ratites
Diseases
Husbandry and Medical management of Ostriches, Emus and Rheas
​Husbandry Guidlines for Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
potential_for_appearance_of_transmissible_diseases__1_.pdf
File Size: 844 kb
File Type: pdf
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Diet
Diets of Feral Emus in the Cross Timbers and Prairies Region of Texas
Dietary Characteristics of Emus in Semi-arid New South Wales, Australia and Dispersal and germination of Ingested Seeds
Seasonal Variation in Daily Activity Patterns, Water Relations and Diet of Emus
Nutrition in Ostriches, Emus and other Ratite
The Food of Emus - Australian Journal of Ecology
​The effect of feeding Hydrogel-95 to emu chicks at hatch
Nutrition of Ratites: Comparison of emu and ostrich requirements
Photoperiodic control of seasonal breeding and appetite in the emu
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Stress
​Transportation stress and the incidence of exertional rhabdomyolysis in emus (Dromaius novaehollaniae)
​Welfare of emus during their handling and transport

Effects of Pretransport handling stress on physiological and behavioral Responses of Ostriches
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Behaviour 
Understanding the Behavior of Domestic Emus: A Means to Improve Their Management and Welfare - Major Behaviors and Activity Time Budgets of Adult Emus

​Breeding Emu and Eggs
Plasma thyroid hormones and growth hormone in embryonic and growing emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
PRODUCTION AND INCUBATION IN FARMED EMU (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Suzanne M. Bassett
​Physical and Physiological Measurements of Emu Eggs and Chicks
The Mating System of Free-Living Emus 
Social Mating System and Sexual Behaviour in Captive Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae
Laying, Egg and Hatchability Characteristics in Ostrich (Struthio camelus) at Different ages
The Relation between Latitude and Breeding Seasons in Birds
Thermal and Water Relations of Emu Eggs during Natural Incubation
Emu Farming - Reproductive Technology
​The Incubation of Ratite Eggs by Texas A&M University
​The length of storage of emu eggs and resultant effects on hatchability
​Social Mating system and sexual behaviour in captive Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae
The mating systems of ratites and tinamous: an evolutionary perspective
A Microbenchmark Characterization of the Emu chick
A Simplified Protocol for Molecular sexing in the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Comparative Analysis of Structure and Strength of Vitelline Membrane and Physical parameters of Yolk of Ostrich, Emu and Greater Rhea Eggs
Properties of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) albumen proteins
Molecular characterization of goose- and chicken- type lysozymes in emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): Evidence for extremely low lysozyme levels in emu egg white

Myopathy of the Pipping Muscles, Hepatotsis Dietica, and cataracts in Emu Chicks (Dromaius novaehallandiae)
Hematological and serum biochemical profile of farm emus (Dromaius novehollandiae) at the onset of their breeding season
Relationship among the economically important ratites: a clustering approach based on their reproductive biology
Seasonality in Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Artificial Insemination Technology for Ratites: a review
The development of ratite production through continued research
Embryonic development of the emu, Dromaius novaehollaniae
​More than One Way of Being a Moa: Differences in Leg Bone Robustness Map Divergent Evolutionary Trajectories in Dinornithidae and Emeidae 
The Influence of Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) Egg Storage Time on Hatchability and Chick Survival
Circulatory changes associated with the closure of the ductus arteriosus in hatching emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
​Social mating system and sexual behaviour in captive emus Dromaius novaehollandiae
Photoperiodic control of seasonal breeding and appetite in the emu
Fertility of male and female emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) as determined by spermatozoa trapped in eggs

​Genetic evidence for mixed parentage in nests of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
​Cardiac rhythms in developing emu hatchlings
​Heart rate responses to cooling in emu hatchlings
Development of endothermic metabolic response in embryos and hatchlings of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

​Cardiac rhythms in prenatal and perinatal emu embryos
​Emu breeding
​Thermal and water relations of emu eggs during natural incubation
Studies on Embryonic Development and Hatchability of Ostrich Eggs

Embryonic control of  heart rate: Examining developmental patterns and temperature and oxygenation influences using embryonic avian models
Natural History
The extinct flightless mihirungs (Aves, Dromornithidae): Cranial anatomy, a new species, and assessment of Oligo-Miocene lineage diversity

Davies, S. J. J. F. Aspects of a study of Emus in Semi-arid Western Australia. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia. ​
​Past and future potential range changes in one of the last large vertebrates of the Australian continent, the emu Dromaius novaehollandiae
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Bird ten times larger than an emu found fossilised in Europe
Common Emu (Distribution) Bird Life International Data Zone
Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae (recordings of native emu sounds)
Close Encounters of the Bird kind (An investigation in to emu sounds)
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A new emu (Dromaiinae) from the late Oligocene Etadunna Formation
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Modern Emu (Dromaius novaehollandoae) butchers, economic utility and Analogues for the Australian Archaeological record
A new emu genome illustrates the evolution of genome configuration and nuclear architecture of avian chromosones

Distribution of myrmecochorous species over the landscape and their potential long-distance dispersal by emu and kangaroos
Emus as non-standard seed dispersers and their potential for long-distance dispersal
A correction factor for counting emus from the air, and it's application to counts in Western Australia

The natural history of the emu in comparison with that of other ratites (1976)
​Sexual Dimorphism in the emu
​Density and distribution of emus
Ancient DNA suggests dwarf and 'giant' emu are conspecific

Seed Dispersal by Emus on the New South wales North-east Coast
Phylogeny and evolution of the ratite Birds
Emu: National Symbols and Ecological Limits
Developmental Evolution: Downsizing Wings in the Flightless Emu
​Genetic diversity and drivers of dwarfism in extinct island emu populations
​The Fossil History of The emus, Dromaius (Aves: Dromaiinae)
Developmental Evolution: Downsizing Wings in the Flightless Emu
​Explaining the lack of emu eggshell material culture in Australia: Experimental working and archaeological implications
​Emus of King Island and Kangaroo Island in Europe - New Cognition about the Specimens of Extinct Emus brought to France by the Baudin Expedition in 1804
​Development of 49 novel microsatellite markers from Next-generation sequencing data and a robust method for parentage tests in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Sexual Dimorphism in the Late Miocene Mihirung Dromornis Stirtoni (Aves: Dromornithidae) from the Alcoota Local Fauna of Central Australia
​More than One Way of being a Moa: Differences in leg Bone Robustness Map Divergent Evolutionary Trajectories in Dinornithidae and Emeidae (Dinornithiformes)
Biomechanical Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis of Bipedal Running Ability. II. Extinct Taxa
​Twenty-first century advances in knowledge of the biology of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes): a new morphological analysis and moa diagnoses revised
​Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian Oligo-Miocene ratite Emuarius gidju Casuariidae

​Tinamous and moa flock together: mitochondrial genome sequence analysis reveals independent losses of flight among ratites
A diminutive species of emu (Casuariidae: Dromaiinae) from the late Miocene of the Northern Territory, Australia
The extinct flightless mihirungs (Aves, Dromornithidae): Cranial anatomy, a new species, and assessment of Oligo-Micene lineage diversity

A new cracticid (Passeriformes: Cracticidae) from the Early Miocene of Australia. Emu, 2013, 113, 374–382
​Moa Diet Fits The Bill: Virtual Reconstruction Incorparating Mummified remains and Prediction of Biochemical Performance in Avian Giants
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Testing gradual and speciational models of evolution in extant taxa: the examples of ratites
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Osteology Supports a Stem-Galliform Affinityfor the Giant Extinct Flightless Bird Sylviornisneocaledoniae (Sylviornithidae, Galloanseres)
​Other Articles of Interest
Emu Production
A History of Emu and Ostrich Farming in India
Husbandry Guidelines for Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae 
The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): A review of its biology and commercial products
Emu butchery and economic utility: Implications for understanding Australian zooarchaeology and megafauna extinctions
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